Urban Wildlife Contraversy in Canada Particularly in Calgary, Alberta Research Paper

Urban Wildlife Contraversy in Canada Particularly in Calgary, Alberta - Research Paper Example natural habitats, worldwide2, while we find that nearly two-thirds of the land available, has been used for human purposes alone, like building villages, townships or cities; for agricultural purposes; and also for other infrastructural developments, aimed, no doubt, to benefit human endeavour in leading a better life. All these actions, beneficial as they are to mankind, have resulted in an eradication and systematic degradation of the environment, and have caused massive damages on the surrounding biodiversity. So from the perspective of environmental ethics, human civilisation has been mainly â€Å"limited to the relations of man to man†3. However, in the recent times it has been noticed that there is an increasing awareness amongst various sections of the human population, that are willing to work towards protection of wild animals, and the preservation of environment, at large. Carnivore conservation, a controversial topic by itself, since most of the carnivores tend to kill livestock while occasionally preying on humans too, however has received a great deal of impetus in the last 15-20 years4. Since human economic interests and carnivores come into constant conflict, there have been increasing attempts by the conservationists to find a workable solution, which would serve to help both these warring factions co-exist, without causing harm to each other5. In the entire North American region that includes Canada, wolves were ruthlessly killed during the colonial rule. It is only recently that, owing to various wolf management programs, an increase in the number of these carnivores has been observed in various parts of Canada. This sudden surge in numbers over the past few years have however also led to rising number of conflicts with the humans (especially in the Alberta region of Canada), as these carnivores are now moving into the rural areas to kill livestock which form an easy prey. In order to protect the livestock, the farmers are now forced to opt for

Michael Bay, auteurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Michael Bay, auteurship - Essay Example y, there has been debate about filmmaking authorship, with industry experts believing that it is the screenwriter who should be applauded for a finished film product that meets with revenue success and manages to satisfy the intended target audiences (Kipen, 2006). More contemporary perspectives suggest that it is the director that should be applauded for a successful film that manages to outperform competitor films, bring high profitability and build audience satisfaction. Many directors, on many film projects, are given opportunities to express their own unique creative vision when producing a film, hence having the ability to transcend the original script and create a work of genius that is both personalised and aligned with individual director vision (Murray, 2014, p.1). In such a scenario, the director is considered a film auteur (the French word for author), in which the director’s creative voice becomes the framework by which a film is considered innovative, original an d inventive. There are some who prescribe to the Schreiber Theory proposed by David M. Kipen of the U.S. National Endowment for the Arts which suggests that true authorship accolades should be granted to the actual screenwriter rather than the director. Kipen (2006) argues that the notion of director as film auteur is distorted, with this professional stating that the script serves as the predictor of whether a film will be high quality. Hence, according to Kipen, a finished film product, when it achieves commendation and acclaim, should be attributed to the talents and expertise of the script writer. However, there appears to be substantial evidence that contemporary directors have the most influence on whether or not a finished film product will be successful and profitable. From a marketing perspective, such directors as Steven Spielberg and Tim Burton (as only two examples), have put their own unique thumbprint on many of their films that are distinguished from other competing